在自然语言处理（NLP）中，“迷失施事”（Lost Performative）是指任何价值判断或意见，其中判断或意见的来源缺失了。信念和观点经常在人与人之间代代相传。最终，这些信念或观点与提出它们的人或当时的语境不再相关。迷失施事是指某人在谈论个人信念时，却将其表现得好像是一个普遍真理。于是，我们便将其视为真理而全盘接受，而不会像听到某人的个人观点那样去质疑它。.
So we frequently express group opinions that we happen to agree with, even though we do not know why anymore. By listening for lost performatives, we can identify outdated ideas and contextually inappropriate beliefs or however appropriate as they may have been in the past.
Things like clichés and new age rhetoric that “everyone” knows are true. Even though some of these truisms are useful. There is no reference to the origin. And so they disconnect.
An example of a lost performative is this one: “It is important to vote Democratic in this family”. This can be easily challenged by asking “According to whom, specifically?”. Or, if you want to go a tad more confrontational: “Says who?” which also elicits the sender of the initial statement.
As an exercise, write out some sentence fragments using lost performative patterns, so as to gain skill in recognizing them in day-to-day conversation. In NLP Lost Performative Index is part of the higher chunk called 失真 是……的一部分 元模型.
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